【托福真题_英语外教一对一培训】栏目更新了TOEFL托福阅读真题答案（18），各位托福考生可以作为参考。

TOEFL托福阅读真题答案（18）

　　In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

　　The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

　　The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

　　Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System, managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves. Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas. whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity. ‍

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves

　　(B) Various marine conservation programs

　　(C) International agreements on coastal protection

　　(D) Similarities between land and sea protected environments

　　2. The word intent in line 3 is closest in meaning to

　　(D) metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry

　　4. The word revered in line 14 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) respected

　　(B) described

　　(C) avoided

　　(D) created

　　5. According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle- and working-class

　　families usually were

　　(A) made by members of the family

　　(B) the least expensive objects in their homes

　　(C) regarded as being morally uplifting

　　(D) thought to symbolize progress

　　6. The word extolled in line 20 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) exposed

　　(B) praised

　　(C) believed

　　(D) accepted

　　7. The author mentions all of the following as attributes of handcrafted objects EXCEPT

　　(A) the pride with which they were crafted

　　(B) the complexity of their design

　　(C) the long time that they lasted

　　(D) the quality of their materials

　　8. The word consistent in line 24 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) conservative

　　(B) considerable

　　(C) constant

　　(D) concrete

　　9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred at the same time as the

　　Arts and Crafts Movement?

　　(A) The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes

　　(B) The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner

　　(C) A decline of interest in art museum collections

　　(D) An increase in the buying of imported art objects

　　10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

　　(A) Private collectors in the nineteenth century concentrated on acquiring paintings.

　　(B) The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States, unlike the one in Britain, did not react

　　strongly against mechanized processes.

　　(C) Handcrafted objects in the United States and Britain in the nineteenth century did not use

　　geometric designs.

　　(D) The Arts and Crafts Movement believed in the beneficial effect for people from being

　　surrounded by beautiful objects.

　　PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD

　　(A) repetition

　　(B) approval

　　(C) goal

　　(D) revision

　　3. The word administered in line 8 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) managed

　　(B) recognized

　　(C) opposed

　　(D) justified

　　4. The word these in line 11 refers to

　　(A) sites

　　(B) candidates

　　(C) decades

　　(D) sanctuaries

　　5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an

　　example of a sanctuary that

　　(A) is not well know

　　(B) covers a large area

　　(C) is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary

　　(D) was not originally proposed for sanctuary status

　　6. According to the passage , when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established?

　　(A) before 1972

　　(B) after 1987

　　(C) one hundred years before national parks were established

　　(D) one hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established

　　7. According to the passage , all of the following are achievements of the National Marine

　　Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT

　　(A) the discovery of several new marine organisms

　　(B) the preservation of connections between individual marine species

　　(C) the protection of coastal habitats

　　(D) the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life

　　8. The word periphery in line 24 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) depth

　　(B) landmass

　　(C) warm habitat

　　(D) outer edge

　　9. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?

　　(A) limitations in financial support

　　(B) the use of marine species as food

　　(C) variability of the climate

　　(D) increases in tourism

　　PASSAGE 51 BCADB DADD

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