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　　TOEFL托福阅读真题：

　　Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for a certain length of time will be destroyed. Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

　　The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans. Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swamps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

　　(A) erosion is less destructive than sedimentation.

　　(B) fossils are most common in areas subject to erosion.

　　(C) erosion contributes to the destruction of skeletal remains.

　　(D) few organisms live in areas that experience extensive erosion.

　　5. According to the passage , why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better

　　preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?

　　(A) The swamp environment reduced the amount of bacterial decay.

　　(B) Swamp waters contained higher amounts of materials such as calcium carbonate.

　　(C) There were fewer sediments in swamps than in other bodies of water.

　　(D) Swamp vegetation accelerated the decomposition of organisms.

　　6. The word aided in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) reversed

　　(B) helped

　　(C) reformed

　　(D) counted

　　7. It can be inferred that flood plains, deltas, and stream channels (lines 14 - 15) are similar in

　　which of the following ways?

　　(A) Animals rather than plants have been preserved at such locations.

　　(B) Such locations are likely to be rich sources of fossils.

　　(C) Fossilized human remains are only rarely found in such locations.

　　(D) Rapid sedimentation in such locations makes it difficult to locate fossils.

　　8. What is the author's main point in paragraph 3?

　　(A) Weathering makes it impossible to identify many fossils.

　　(B) Many fossils have been buried forever under the soil.

　　(C) Fossils provide a limited sample of ancient organisms.

　　(D) It is easier to find the remains of plants than animals.

　　9. Why does the author mention aragonite in line 27

　　(A) To explain why fossils are rare

　　(B) To compare aragonite fossils and calcite fossils

　　(C) To argue that certain fossils are more informative than others

　　(D) To illustrate the kinds of inorganic hard parts that can form fossils

　　TOEFL托福阅读答案： ADBCA BBCD

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